entropia Revista Entropía Educativa Rev. Entropía Educ. 2981-4723 Entropía Educativa CI SAS Del motor a la entropía: conectando formulaciones del segundo principio termodinámico a través del Triángulo de Johnstone From motor to entropy: connecting formulations of the second thermodynamic principle through Johnstone's Triangle Alberto Rinaldi Carlos CNEA / UNSAM 0000-0003-2821-3123 21 04 2026 4 6

El Segundo Principio de la Termodinámica es conceptualmente complejo e históricamente multifacético, constituyendo un desafío significativo en la educación científica. Este artículo emplea el Triángulo de Johnstone—un modelo que distingue niveles de representación macroscópico, microscópico y simbólico— como marco pedagógico para relacionar las tres interpretaciones fundamentales del Segundo Principio: los límites de eficiencia macroscópica de Carnot, la entropía estadística de Boltzmann, y la axiomatización formal de Carathéodory. Al alinear estas formulaciones con los niveles de Johnstone, proponemos una estrategia educativa comprehensiva para fomentar la comprensión conceptual profunda en termodinámica.

The Second Thermodynamic Principle is conceptually complex and historically multifaceted, making it a challenge in science education. This paper employs Johnstone's Triangle—a model distinguishing macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic levels of representation—as a pedagogical framework to relate the three foundational interpretations of the Second Principle: Carnot's macroscopic efficiency limits, Boltzmann's statistical entropy, and Carathéodory's formal axiomatization. By aligning these formulations with Johnstone's levels, we propose a comprehensive educational strategy for fostering deep conceptual understanding in thermodynamics.

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